2003
Supervised and Edited by Céline Auclair 2003
Forum of Federations 700-325 Dalhousie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 Tel: (613) 244-3360 Fax: (613) 244-3372 Internet: www.forumfed.org
1
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ﹼ
Constitutional Options for Post-War Iraq
Table of Contents
| 4 5 17 30 43 51 52 | ﻤﺘﻬﺩ ﺩﻴﻠﻴﺴ ￥ﻭﺃﻜﻴﻠ ﾭل ﺼﻔﻟﺍ لﻷﺍﻭ : ﺎﺘﺭﻴ ﾦﺴﺘﺎﻲ ￕﻟﺍﻤﺅﺴﺍﻟﺍﺭ ﺭﺕﻠﺘﻴﺒ ﾭﻼﺴ ￏﻨﺎﻲﹼﺼﻔﻟﺍ لﺜﻟﺍ : ﺴﻤ ﾢﺘﻠﻟﺭﺒﻴﺘﺎ ﾕﻕﺍ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠ ﾔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﺭﻌ ﻭ ﻭﻷﺍﻨﻅﻤ ﾔﻟﺍﺴﺎﻴﺴ ﻕﺍﺭﺎﻏﻴ ﾙﺘﺴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﻔ ﾩﺤﻭﺴ ￥ﺩ ﺩﻟﺍﺭ ﾯﺼﻔﻟﺍ لﻟﺎﺜﻟﺍﺙ: ﻕﺍﺴﻤﻡ ﻡﻠﻟﺭﻌ ﺴﺘﺎﻲ ﺤﻨ ￭ﺩﺘﺒﻴ ﾭﺅﻤ ﾴﺭﺎﻏﻴ ﾙﺘﺴﻨﺎﺴﻠﻴﻔ ﾩﺒﻊﺍﺼﻔﻟﺍ لﻟﺍﺭ : ﺎ ﾕﺍ ﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻤﺴﺎﺔﻤﻫ ﻤﺇﻴ ﻴﻭﺒ لﻭﻤﺭﺘﻥ ﻥﺭﻭﻭﺒﺎ ﺎﺸﺘﻭﺒﺎﺩﺎﻴﻫ ﻟﺍﺠﺩلﻭ :1 ﾕﻟﺍﻤﻌﺓﺩﻤﺘﺍﺌﻻﺔ ﺔﻟﺎﺒﻤﺨﺼﺘ ﾭﻟﺍﺠﺩلﻭ :2 ﻕﺍﻠﻁﺎ ﾕﻲ ﻲﻌﻟﺍﺭ ، ،ﻟﺍﻭﺴ ، ،ﺍﻭﻟﺤﺭﺎﻜ ﾕﻟﺍﺭﻌﻴﻗﺍ ﾔﻟﺍﺭﻌﻴﻗﺍ ﾏﻟﺍﺴﺎﻴﺴﻴﺍﺯ ﺯ |
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| ﻓﻬ، ،ﻡ ﻡﺩ ﺩﺘﻤﺸﺠ ﻬﻜﻩ ﻩﺕ ﺕﺼﺘﺭﺔ ﺔﺘﻟﻭﻁﻴ ﾭﺴﻭﺎﺌل | ﾔﻘﻟﻭﻯﻗﻴﺍﻤﻓ ￊﻤﺍﺘﻼ ﻟﺍﺤﻜﻭﺔ ﺔﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ﻟ ﾕﻁﻭﺄ ﾓﻘﻤﺘﻀﻴﺎ ﾕﻟﺍﺤﺭ ﾏﻟﺍﻌﺎﹼ ﾔﻟﺍﺜﻤﻴ ﺎﻨ، ،ﺩﻟﺭﺠ ﾔﻥﺃ | ﺸﺍﺘﺩ | ﻴﺤﻥ1 | ﻟﺍﻌﻡﺎﹼﻁﺔ ،ﺘﺤﻠ941 ﻠﻋ ﻟﺍ ﾴ |
| ﾕﻲﻓﻠ ﺍﻤﺎﺕﺍﺘﺯﻟﻹﺍﻴﺎﻔ ﾀﺎﺒﻤﻟﻌﻫﺎﺩ ﾓﻊ ﻊﺭﺒﻴﺎﻁﻴﻨ ﾎﺠ ﺠﺸﻤﻜﻙ ﻙﻲ ﻲﻤﺃﺭﺎﻫ ،ﻲ ﻲﺩﺤﺙﻭٍ ￕﻤﺒﻴﺓﺯﺍﻔﻨﺍﺭ ﾩﻟﺍﺭ ﺭ | ﺩﻀ ﾕ،1936 | ﺎﻋ ﻡ ﻲﻨﺎﻜ | ﻟﻜﺤﻤﻭ ﾔﺸﺭﻴ ﾩﺎ ﺎ"ﺩﺤﺙ ﺙٍﺤﺍﺘل لٍﺎﺜﻥ." ﺭﺒﻴﻁﻨﺎﻲ ﻟﺍﻜﻴﻼﻨ ﻟﺍﺘ |
| ﻀﻴﻪﺍ ﺭﺃ . ﾕﻠﻋﻰﻠﹼ ﾕﻟﺍﺜﻤﻨﺎ ﻟﺍﺘ ﺸﺘﻜﺍﺭﺍﻜﻓﺎﻨ ﾕﻟﺍﻭﺯ | ﻭﻷﺍﺴ ﻁﻠﻋ | ﺭﻕ | ﻭﺃٍ لﻘﻨﺍﺏﻼﹼﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﺸ ﺴﻋﻜﻱﺭ |
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|---|---|---|
| ٍ ﾔﺎﻜﺤﺘﻤﺎلﻴﻟﺍﻤﺎﺫ ﾝﻟﺍﻔﺩﺭﹼ ﾔﻨﺘﺭ ﺭﻟﺇ ﻟﺍﻨ ﺭﻜﻴ | ﻟﺍﻭﻻﻴﺎ ﾕﻷﺍﻤﻴﻥﺃ | ﻪﺼﺃﺒ ﺢﺍﻭﹼ ،ﻻ ﻻﻨﺃﹰﻜﺍﺘﺴ ﺏﺨﺯﻤ ﺎﹰﺤﻀ ﺎ |
| ﻁﻲ ￕﺭﺤﺍﺅﺭﻴﺎ ￩ﻌﺒﺭﺍﺩﻭﻴﻤﻘﺭّ للﻜﹼﻤﻴﺜ | ﺹﻟﺍﺭﻴﺌ ﺱﻭﺒﺵﹼ | ﻤﻤﻜﻥ. ﺤﺼﻔﻲٍﻓﻭ ﻴﺒﻥ ﻥل لﻟﺍﺤﺭﺏ ،ﺨﻟ |
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| ﺎ ،ﺴﺤﺒﻤ، ﻗﻲﺍ ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻡ ﻡﻟﺍﻌﺭﻠ ￥ﻥ ﻥﺠﻤ ﺘﻴﻴﺒ ﻻﺍﺘﺤﺩﺎﻱ ﻜﺭ | ||
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| ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌﺭﺭﻴ ﻲﻓ | ﻁﻲﺍﻴﺩﻤﻘﺭٍﺸﻌﺏﻟﺎﻓ. | ﺘﻤﺤﺩﺓ ﺓﻥ ﻥﺘﻨﺍﺏﺎﺨ |
| ﺔ ﺘﺔ ،ﻜﻤﻭﺘ ﾏﻟﺍﺸﺅﻭ ￥ﻹﺍﻨﺴﻨﺎﻴﹼ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺅﻗ ﻻﺍﺌﺘﻼﻓﻴ | ﻠﻟﺍﺴﹰﻁ ﺔ | |
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| ﻟﺍﺩﻭﻋﺓ.( ﺍﺫﻫ ﺫ ﺫﻘﻴﺭ | ﺔ ﻟﺍﺸﻴﻌﻴ)ﻤﺒ ￥ﻴﻓﻬ ﾎﺏﺯﺤ | ﺍ ﺡﻲ ﻲﻷﺍﺼ لﻥ ﻥﻷﺍﺤﺯﺍﻹﺍﻗﺘﺭﺍﺩﺼ ﺭﺫ ﺫ ﺏ |
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| ﾯﻟﺍﻭﺤﺍﺩﺕ ﾞﻟﺍﺘ ﻌﺘﺯ | ﾭﻘﻤﻨ ￊﺠﻟﻬ ﾔﻟﺍﺠﺤ | ،ﺇﻭ ￥ﻘﺒ ﻴﻏﻲﺍﻗﻻﺍﺘ ﾭ ﾡﺈﺒﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﻟﺍ ﾔﻁﺘﻴﺒ ￕﻟﺍﻨﺎﻅ ￡ﻟﺍﺩﻔﺭ |
| ﻲﻟﺍﺩﻓﺭﻥ ﻥﻨﺄﺸ ￪ﻥﺃ | ﻋ ﻲﻟﺍﺠﺭﺎﻴ ﺔﺎﻗﻹﻤ ﺔﻡﺎﻅﻨ | ﻟ ﾔﺍﻭ ﾔﻹﺍﺜﻴﻨ ﺩﻔﻟﺍﺭﻟﺍ ﺎﻁﻔﺌﻴﺔ ،ﻬﻓ ￭ﻨﻴﺩﺝ ﺝﻲ ﻲﺎﻁﺇ ﾭﻟﺍﻤﺴﺎ |
| ﻟﺍﻜﺭﺩﻱ ﻥ ﻥﻤﻟﺍﺩ ،ﺇﻭ ￥ﺤﺃﻜﻡ | ﺭﻁﻴ ￕﻟﺍﺤﺩ | ﻘﻠﻴ ﺎﺠﺫﺒﻴ ﾔﻜﺃﺒ ﾭﺩﻟ ﻟﺍﻌﺏ ﺏﺍﻭﻘﻟﻭ ﻟﺍﻤﺠﺎﻭﺭﺓﻥﻋ |
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| ﻴﻫﺌ ﾔﻔﻨﺘﻴﺫ ﻠ ﾔﺈﺒﺍﺩﺭ ﾓﻟﺍﻤﻌ ﾔﻌﻤﻨﻴ | ﻊ ﻊﺴﺍﺘﺒﺘﺎ ﺏﻷﺍﻤ، ،ﺩﻭﻋ ﻡﻴﻗﻡ ﻡ |
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| ﺩ ﺤﺘﺩﻴ ﾩﻟﺍﺎﻅﻨ ￡ﻟﺍﺴﻴﺎﺴﻲ | ￊﻥ ﻥﺠﺘﻱ ﻱﻻﺍﺘﻨﺨﺎﺒﺎ ﾕﻬﺒ ﻟﺍﻤﻨﺩ ﱠﺔ ،ﻴﺘﻭﻗ |
| ﺕﺍ ﾀﺫﻫ ￩ﺘﻟﺍﻐﻴﻴﺭﺍﺭ. | ﾔﺠﺇﻟ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺨﻭﻗﻴﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭﺍﺠﻬﺎ ﾕﻟﺍﻌﺭﻟﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻭﻗﻴ |
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Chapter 4
Paul Morton and Rupak Chattopadhyay
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| ﻜ ﾔﻟﺍﺘﻤﺭ ﾔﻲ ﻲﺯﺠﻴﺭﺓ ﾩﻔﻨﻹﺍﺼﺎﻴﻟ | ﺔ ،ﻥ ﻥﻬﺠﺘﻬ، ،ﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﺎﻋﻨ ﺕﻥ ﻥﺭﺤ | ﻠ ﾔﻟﺍﻔﻟ ﾕﻟﺍﺩﻭﺃﺩ ﺩ ﻴﺒﻴﻨﻴ | |
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| ﻴﻟﺍﺩﻔﻟﺍﺭﹰ ،ﺒﺴﻴﻼﹼﺩﺃﻕٍﺔ ،ﻠﻋ ﺤﻨﻭ | ﺔ ،ﻭ ﻭﻲﻓ ﾕﻟﺍﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴ | ﺎ | ﺍﻨﻤ ﾩ، ،ﻯ ﻯﻲ ﻲﻹﺍﺤﻼﺼ ﻨﻭ ﻭﻹﺍﺴﻼﻤﻴ |
| ﻤﺌﺎ ﾔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻤﺠﺘﻤ ￊﻠﻔﻟﺍﻴﻨﻴﺒﻲ ،ﻤﺘﻨ ﾢﺜﻭﻴﻘﺔ | ﻟﺇ ﻰﺒﺘﻟﺍﺎﻴﺎﻨ ﺕﻟﺍﻘ | ﹰﺍﻨﻭﻅﺭ | ﻠﻟﺨﺭﺝ ﺝﻥ ﻥﻭﺩﺭ ﾓﻟﺍﻌﻨ ﻟﺍﺌﺍﺩﺭﺓ. |
| ﺌ ￡ﻲ ﻲﺯﺠﻴﺭ ﾓﻨﻤﻨﺍﺩﺎﻭﺍﺴﻡ ﻡﻟﺍﺩ . ﻔﻓﻴﻤﺎ | ﺘﻭﺴﻫﺎ ﻡﻲ ﻲﻼﺤﺇ لﻟﺍ | ﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡ، | ﻴﺘﻟﺴﺤﻴ ￥ﺎﻅﻨﻡﹰ ﾔﻟﺍﺘﻐﻴﻴ ﾭﺭﻓﺼﺔﻠﻤﻋ |
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Table 1: Acronyms
1:
| ﻟﺍﻭﺼﻑ | ﻻﺍﺴ ﻡﺎﻜﻟﺍﻤل | ﻟﺍﺨﻤﺘﺼ ﺭ |
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| ﾔﻲﻓ ﾔﺸﺃﻭﺭﻴ ﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﺴﻤﻴﺤ ﾍﻕﺍﻌﻟ ﾭ | ﺔ ﾔﻷﺍﺸﻭﺭﻴﻁﻴﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻟﺍﺭﺤﻜ ﾔﻟﺍﺩ | ADM |
| ﾔﺩﺘﻋﻡﻗﻴﺍ ﾔﺭﻋﺴﻴﺎﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﻴ ﻴﻤﺒﺎﺩﻯﺀﻟﺎﺒ ﻟﺍﻔﺭﻴ ￕﻟﺍﻌﺎﻤ لﻟﺍﻤﻌﻨ ﺔﻴﻁﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭﻟﺍ ﾩ | ﺔ ﾔﻟﺍﺩﺴﺘﻭﺭﻴﻜﻴﻠﻟﺍﺭﺤﻜ ﾔﻟﺍﻤ | CMM |
| ﺎﺒﻌ ﺔﻼﻟﺌﺘﻼ ﻑﻟﺍﻱﺫﹼﻟﺍﺘﺎﻴﻠﻁ ﺔﻟﺍﻌﻠﻟﺍ ﺴﻕﺍﻭﻘﺘﺩ ﻩﻤﺃﻴﺭﺎ ﺎﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌ ﺭ | ﺍﻁﺔﻠﻟﺍ ﾴﺔﺘﹼ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺅﻗ ﺌﻻﺘﻼﻓﻴ | CPA |
| ﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﻥ ﻥ30 ﹰﻨﻭﺎﺸﻁﺎﹰﺎ ﺩﻴﻤﻴﺎﻜ ﻜﻠﻋﻰ ﻨﺒﺎﺀﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻤﻨﻔ ﺠﺍﺘﻌﻤﻭﹰﺎﻴﻗﺍﺭ ﺭﺔ ﾔﻷﺍﻤﻴﺭﻜﻴ ﺭ ﾓﻟﺍﺨﺎﺠﺭﻴﺍﻠﻁ ﾏﺯ ﺯ | ﻤﺒﺎﻯﺩﺀﻟﺎﺒ ﺭﻓﻕ ﻕﻟﺍﻌﻤ لﻟﺍﻌﻤﻲ ﻲﺔﻴﻁﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭﻟﺍ ﾩ | DPWG |
| ﾘ ﾱﻲﻓﺴ ﺴ13 ﻭﺯﻤ ﻤ/ ﻭﻴﻟﻭ ﻭ2003 ﺘﺔﹼ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺅﻗ ﻁ ﾔﻻﺍﺘﺌﻼﻓﻴﻠﻰ ﻰﺩ ﺩﻟﺍ ﾴ | ﻲﻗﺍ ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻠﺠﻤ | IGC |
| ﻗﻲﺍﺭﻋ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻴﺴﺎﺴ ) ﻨﺴﻲ( | ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻗﺍﻲ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻹﺍﺴﻼﻤﻲ | IIP |
| ﺯﺤ ﾏﺭﻋﻗﺍ ) ﻌﻴﺸﻲ( ￥ﻥﻤ ﻜﻤ ￭ﺎﺒﻴﻘﻥ ﻴ ￥ﻟﺍﺴ ﻟﺍﺒﻌﻴ ﻴ | ﻲﻗﺍﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﻟﺍﻭﺎﻓ ￕﻟﺍﻨﻁﻭﻲ | INA |
| ،ﻴﻘﺒﺎﺩ ﾓﺤﺃﻤﺩ ﻗﻲﺍﺭﻋ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻴﺴﺎﺴ ﹰﺎﺎﺴﺒﻘ ،ﻟﺍﻤﻨﻔﻲ ﻠﺸﻲ ﻲ | ﻲﻗﺍﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﻟﺍﺘﺅﻤﻤ ﾭﻟﺍﻭﻁﻨﻲ | INC |
| ﺴﻪﺃﻕ ،ﺭﻴﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﺯﺤ ﾏﺭﻜﻱ ﻱﻨﻲﺍﺴﻤﻌﻭ ﾩﺭﺒ ﾯ | ﻟﺍﻜﺭﺴﺩﺘﻨ ﾎﻲ ﻁﻲﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍﺩ | KDP |
| ﻕﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﺯﺤ ﾏﺭﻜﻱﺩ | ﻟﺍﻜﺭﺩﺴﺘﺎﻨﻲ ﺤﺎ ﾩﻹﺍﺴﻼﻲﻤﹼﻻﺍﺘ | KIU |
| ﾔﺎﺘﺒﻌ ﾔﻠﻟﺤﻜﻭﺔﻤ ﾔﺸﺘﺭﻌﻴﻴﻌﻤﺠ ﺔ ﾔﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻴﻨ ﻴﻤﻴﻠﻹﺍ ￗ | ﺔ ﾔﻟﺍﻜﺭﺩﺴﺘﺎﻨﻴ ﾔﻟﺍﻭﻁﻴﻨ ﻟﺍﺠﻌﻤﻴ | KNA |
| ￕﺎﻋﻡﺍ ﾩﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭﺍﻜﻷﺍﺭﺎﻨﺃﺸﺄ ￫1992 | ﻟﺍﺤﻜﻭ ￤ﺔ ﾔﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻴﻨ ﻴﻤﻴﻠ ﾔﻹﺍﻗ | KRG |
| ﻕﺍ ﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭﹼﻨﺴ ﺯﺤ ﾏﺭﻜﻱﺩ | ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻲﻨ ﺤﺎ ﾩﻟﺍﻁﻭﻲﻨﹼﻻﺍﺘ | PUK |
| ﻗﻲﺍﺭﻋ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻴﺴﺎﺴ ) ﻌﻴﺸﻲ( | ﾔﻲﻓ ﻭﺭ ﾓﻹﺍﺴﻼﻴﻤﹼ ﻠﻟﺜﻠﻟﺍﻤﺠﺱ ﺱﻷﺍ ￋﻕﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | SCIRI |
| ﺔ ﻁ ﾔﻻﺍﺌﺘﻼﻓﻴﻠﻠﺨ ﻘﻤﺘﺭ ﾡﻠﻟ ﾴﺔﺘﹼﻟﺍﻤﺅ ￗﻕﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻁ ﾔﻨﻻﺍﻘﺘﻠﻟﺍﺴ | TA |
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Table 2: Iraqi Political Parties, Iraqi Movements, and Authorities in Iraq
| ﻟﺍﻤﻼﺤﻅﺎﺕ | ﻹﺍﺴ ﻡ |
|---|---|
| ﻕﺍ ﾔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﾔﺸﺃﻭﺭﻴ ﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﺴﻤﻴﺤ ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱﻠﺎﻬﻠﹼ ؛ﺜ ﺜﻭﻴﻨﺎﺩﻴ ￡ﺎﻜﻨﺎ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﺔ ﾔﻷﺍﺸﻭﺭﻴﻁﻴﺍﻟﺍﺭﺤﻜ ﾔﻟﺍﺩﻴﻤﻘ ﾭ*(ADM) |
| ￡ﺴﺤﻴﻥﺍ ﻘﺒﻴﺎﺩ ﾓﺩﺼ ﺴﻲﺎﺯﺤ ﾏﻴﺴ | ﺯﺤ ﺏﻟﺍﺒﺙ ﺙ |
| ﻲﻓﺎﺎﺒﻌ ﺔﻼﻟﺘﺌﻼ ﻑﻟﺍﻱ ﻱﻭﻘﺘﺩ ﻩﻤﺃﻴﺭﻜﹼﻴ ﺎﻟﺍﺘﻠﻁ ﺔﻟﺍﻌﻠﻟﺍ ﺴﺴﻬ ﺎﻭﺒ لﺭﺒﻴﻤﺭﺃﻕ ؛ﺭﻴﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﺭ | ﺘﺔﹼ ﾔﻟﺍﻤﺅﻗ ﻁ ﾔﺌﻻﺍﺘﻼﻓﻴﻠﻟﺍ ﾴ(CPA) |
| ﺠﻤﻤﻭ ￋﻴ ￥ﻲﻓﻗﻴﺍﻨﺎﺸﻴﻁ ￥ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻟﻴ ￥ﺍﻭ ﾔﻥ ﻥﻷﺍﻜﺎﺩﻴﻤ ﺔ ﺭ ﾓﻟﺍﺨﺎﺭﺠﻴﺍﻰ ﻰﻠﻁ ﾏﺯﻭ ﻨﺒﺎﺀﺍﻟﺍﻤﻔﻨ ﺠﺍﻌﻤﺘ ￭ ￡ﺴﺤﻴﻥﺍ ﺔ ،ﺒﻗ لﻁ ﻁﺩﺼ ﻷﺍﻤﻴﺭﻜ | ﺔﻁﻴﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻤﺒﺎﻯﺩ ﾀﻟﺍﺩﻟﺎﺒ ﺭﻓﻕ ﻕﻟﺍﻌﻤ لﻟﺍﻌﻤﻲ ﻲ(DPWG) |
| ﾔﻴﻘﺒﺎﺩ ﾓﻴﺁ ﾔﷲ ﷲﻜﺃﺒﺭ ﾔﻴﺸﻌﻴ ﺠﻑ ؛ﺭﺤﻜ ﾔﻴﺩﻨﻴﹼﻭﺤﺯ ﾓﻟﺍ ￨ﻠﻋ ﻴﺴﺴﺘﻨ ﾎ | ﻟﺍﺤﻭﺯ ﺓ |
| ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡﻠﻬ ﾎﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﻠﹼﺔ ؛ﻤﻴﺜ ﻋﺓ ﺓﻹﺍﺴﻼﻤﻴ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍ ﾩﻟﺍﻌ ﾭﺯ ﺯﻟﺍﺩﻴ ￥ﻠﺴﻴﻡ ﻗﺍ | ﻋﺓﻭ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍ ﾩ* |
| ﾱﺎﻋﻡ ﺄﺘ ﾴ1934 لﹼ ؛ﻜ ﻜ" ﺔ ﻌﻤﺎﺭﺔ ﺔﻴﻏ ﾭﺴﺭﻤﻴ " ﻴﺒ ￥ﺎ ﾕﻋﻭﺎﻡ ﻼﻨﻴﺜﻴﹼﻟﺍ ﾜ1958 ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡﻠﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺎﻬﻠﹼ ؛ﻤﻴ ﾜﻤﺤﻴ ﾩﺠﻤﻴ ﾩﻭﻤﺴﻰ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻗﺍﻲ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍﺸﻭﻴﻲ ﻲ* |
| ﻁﺔﻠﺴﺘ ￪ﻟﺍﺴ ﺎﺕ ،ﺴﺃ ﾩﻹﺍﻨﺜﻴ ﺏ ،ﻤﻭﺘﻌﺩﺍ ﾩﻷﺍﺤﺯ ﾱﺘﻤﻌﺩﻠﺠ ﺠ ﾔﻟﺍ ﻻﺍﺌﺘﻼﻓ ﻕﺍﺔ ﺔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭﹼﺅﻤ ￗ | ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻗﺍﻲﻠﺠ ﺠ(IGC) |
| ﺭﻋﻗﺍﻲ ﺴﻲﺎﺯﺤ ﾏﻴ ﻴ) ﻨﺴﻲ( ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡﻠ ￪ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﻠﹼ ؛ﻤﻴ ﾜﺤﻤﺴ ￥ﺒﻋ ﾩﻟﺍﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻗﺍﻲ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻹﺍﺴﻼﻤ * (IIP) |
| ﾱﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻤﻨﻔ ﺎﻋﻡ ﺄﺘﺴ ﺭﻋﻲﻗﺍ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻌﻴﺸ 1990 ،ﻠﻋ ﺱﻠ ￪ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﻠﹼﻴ ￥ﻥ ﻥﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍﺒﺙﻌ ؛ﻤﻴﺜﹼﺩ ﺩﻋﺃﻀﺎ ﾀﻨﻤﺸ ﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟ ﻟ ﾩﻭﻼﻋﻱﺎﻴﺇ ﻗﻲﺍﺭ ﺭ | ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﻟﺍﻭﻓﺎ ￕﻟﺍﻨﻁﻭ *(INA) |
| ﹰﺎﺴﻘﺒﺎ ،ﻟﺍﻤﻔﻨﻲ ﻘﺒﻴﺎﺩ ﾓﺤﺃﻤ ﾩﻲﺒﻠﺸ ﺭﻋﻗﺍﻲ ﺴﻲﺎﺯﺤ ﾏﻴ ﻴ ﻗﻲﺍ ￪ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱ ﺱﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻠﹼﻟﺍﺫ ﻤﻴ ﾜ | ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﻟﺍﺘﺅﻤﻤ ﾭﻟﺍﻁﻭﻲ ﻲ*(INC) |
| ﻪﻠﹼﻨ ﻴﻭﻤﺜﺍﺴ ￪ﺴﻤﻌﻭ ﾩﺭﺒﺯﺃﻕ ،ﺭﻴﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻱ ﻱ ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱ ﺱﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻗﺍ | ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﻨ ﾎﻲ ﻁﻲﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍ ﾩ*(KDP) |
| ﾱﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡﻠ ￪ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﻠﹼﻕ ؛ﻤﻴﺜﺍﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻱ ﻱﻴ ￥ﻬﺒﺎﺀ ﻼﺼ ﾡﻟﺍﺩ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﺤﺎﹼﻻﺍ ﾘ ﻟﺍﻜﺭﺴﺩﺘﺎﻨﻲ ﾩﻹﺍﺴﻼﻲ ﻲ* (KIU) |
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| ﻨﻻﺍﺘﺨﺎﺒﺎﺕﺍﻤﻭﹼ ﾩﻟﺍﺫﻴ ￥ﻅﻨﺍ ￕﻜﻷﺍﺭﺍﻲ ﻲﻤﺸل لﻟﺍﻌﺭﺎﻨﺃﺸﺄ ￫ﺎﺭ ﾏﻲ ﻲﻴﺃﺍﺩ ﾓﻷﺍﺯﺤ ﻟﺍﻤﺘﻌ ﾩ/ﺎﻤﻴ ￭1992 | ﺔ ﾔﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻴﻨ ﻴﻤﻴﻠﻟﺍﺤﻜﻭﺔ ﺔﻹﺍﻗ (KRG) |
|---|---|
| ﺎ ﺎﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱﻠﻠﹼﻕ ؛ﻤﻴﺜﺍ ﾔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﾔﻴﻨﺴ ﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﻴﺴﺎﺴ ﺎﻨﺼ ﾭﻟﺍﺸﺎﺩﺭﺸﻲ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﻟﺍﻭﻁﻨ ﻁﻲﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻟﺍﺯﺤ ﾏﻟﺍ ﾩﻲ* |
| ﻗﻲﺍ ￪ﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱ ﺱﻟﺍﺤﻜ ￡ﻟﺍﻌﺭﻠﹼ ؛ﻤﻴﺜ ﻨﺴﻲ ﺯﺤ ﾏﻱ ﻱﻪ ﻪﻥﻋﺎ لﻟﺍﻤﺠﻤﻭﺔ ﺔﻌﺒ ﾩﻨﺍﺸﻘﹼﻼﺠ لﻟﺎﻁﺒﺎﻨ ﻟﺍﻱ ﻱﻜ ﻜﺎﻋﻡ ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﻨ ﾎﻲ ﻁﻲﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻟﺍﺤﺯ ﾏﻟﺍ ﾩ1975 | ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻨﻲ ﺤﺎ ﾩﻟﺍﻁﻭﻲﻨﹼﻻﺍ ﾘ*(PUK) |
| ﻁﻲﺍﻴﻤﻘﺭ ﻥ ﻥﻟﺍﺤﺯ ﾏﻟﺍﺩّﻭﻻ ﾀﻜﻟلﻟ ﾔﺩﺘﻴ ￥ﺎﺒ ﻴﺸﻴ ﾎﺩﺭﻜﻴﻠﻴ ﻴ ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻲﻨ ﺤﺎ ﾩﻟﺍﻁﻭﻲﻨﹼﻻﺍﻭﺘ ﻟﺍﻜﺴﺩﺭﺘﺎﻨ | ﻴﺒﺸﻤﺠﺭ ﾔ) ﺩﺍﺤﻤﺎﺭﻭﺒ ￥ﻜﺃ ﾭ( |
| ﺩﺭ ﺔ ﺔﻘﺒﻴﺎﺩ ﾓﺘﻘﻤﺩ ﻟﺍﺼ ﾔﻁﺘﻤﺭ ﾔﺭﻋﻗﺍﻴ ﺠﻤﻤﻭﻋ ﾔﻴﻨﻴﺩ | ﻭﻥﺭﺩﻴﺼ ﺼ |
| ﺭﻋﻗﺍﻲ ﺴﻲﺎﺯﺤ ﾏﻴ ﻴ) ﻌﻴﺸﻲ( ﻪ ﻪﻲ ﻲﺠﻤﺱ ﺱﻟﺍﺤﻜﻡﹼ ،ﻤﻴ ﾜﺒﻋ ﾩﻟﺍﻌﺯﻴ ﾯﻟﺍﺤﻜﻴﻡ ﻗﻲﺍﻟﺍﻌ ﾭ | ﻕﺍ ﾔﻲ ﻲﻟﺍﻌﺭ ﻭﺭ ﾓﻹﺍﺴﻼﻤﻴﹼﻟﺍﻤﺠﺱ ﺱﻷﺍﻰ ﻰﻠﻟ ﾜ*(SCIRI) |
(IGC)
*
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