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Pathways to Inclusive Governance in Syria: Balancing Unity and Diversity
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The fall of the Assad regime in December 2024 marks a historic turning point for Syria. The victory of opposition forces led by Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the subsequent establishment of the Syrian Transitional Government, and the launch of a national dialogue process and the elections in October 2025, have generated cautious optimism about Syria’s future. These developments indicate the possibility of a constitutional and political transition toward an inclusive governance model that reflects the country’s diversity.
However, despite these promising developments, the situation remains fragile. After more than a decade of conflict, Syria is left deeply divided and faces immense challenges in rebuilding. A crucial element of this reconstruction will be establishing a just and inclusive political system that accommodates the needs and aspirations of all Syrian communities and groups, including women and youth.
Further, questions persist regarding the extent of the transitional government’s authority over both territory and the numerous armed groups that opposed the Assad regime. Skepticism also remains about President Ahmed al-Sharaa’s commitment to realizing his stated vision of an inclusive Syria, particularly as achieving an inclusive settlement among Syria’s diverse communities will require some form of power-sharing arrangement.
In this context, the Forum of Federations has commissioned two complementary reports which comprise this volume:
The “Actor Mapping of Inclusive Governance in post-Assad Syria” report presents findings from an extensive needs assessment and stakeholder mapping exercise. It seeks to understand the visions of diverse Syrian stakeholders – including representatives of the Transitional Authority, various communities (components) of Syria, political movements, civil society organizations, women’s rights organizations, youth groups, and local communities – regarding Syria’s future governance and state structure.
The second report on “Institutional Options for Inclusive State Building in Syria”, develops and analyzes a set of institutional options grounded in relevant international experiences. These options may provide pathways to address the diverse preferences of communities (components) reflected in the ‘Actor Mapping’ and are intended to inform Syrian policymakers and stakeholders as they deliberate on the country’s future constitutional and institutional framework in the years to come.
Through this publication, the Forum of Federations aims to contribute to the political dialogue on Syria’s future and inspire decision-makers and thought leaders to pursue pathways toward inclusive and sustainable governance.
