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Abhivardhan, Deepanshu Singh

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How has artificial intelligence (AI) been adopted and governed in India’s federal system? This explanation shows the interaction among central policies, state-level implementations, and adaptations in different sectors. The key focus of this paper is to describe the legal, policy and industry thinking models that are discernible from a series of interplaying policies, schemes, and implementation timelines in the governments of India. These include the Union Government (the central government in Delhi, in India’s federal system), the state governments and Indian courts and tribunals. This paper’s research reflects on the thinking models, and certain industry-specific and ethics-specific underpinnings that have shaped the AI initiatives and frameworks across governance ecosystems in this decade. Governments must be careful when using AI for capacity building initiatives across governance systems. The administrative and judicial stakeholders involved need to develop context-specific nuanced limits and boundaries to changes that AI could suggest or implement. This must be done in all government outputs, within existing national legal frameworks, industry policies, and case laws.